Ríona MacNamara Best practices when moving your site
您正在计划为自己的网站更换新的域名吗？很多网站管理员发现这真是
您希望这种迁移对于用户来说是毫无察觉地发生的
首先通过移动一个目录或子域名的内容来测试整个网站的迁移过程。然后使用301重定向功能将原有网站网页重定向到您的新网站上。通过此方法可告知谷歌和其它搜索引擎：您的网站已经永久性地迁移了。
上述操作完成后，查看一下您新网站里的网页能否出现在谷歌的搜索结果里。如果您对这次小范围的迁移感到满意，就可以迁移整个网站了。请不要将旧网站中所有网页的流量都重定向到您的新主页上，这种一刀切式的重定向虽然会避免404错误，但它并不能为用户提供良好的体验。尽管页对页的重定向（旧网站中每一网页都重新定向到新网站的相应网页上）会带来更大的工作量，但这也会给您的用户带来更连贯和明晰的体验。如果在新旧网站中不是一对一的页面匹配，那么一定要努力确保旧网站中每一个网页至少要重定向到具有类似内容的新网页上。
如果网站因为要重新命名或重新设计而需变更域名，您可以分两个阶段进行：第一阶段，移动您的网站；第二阶段，开始重新设计。这样做，不仅可以掌控用户在每一阶段中感受到的变化幅度，而且可以使整个过程变得更顺利。把变化控制在最低限度可以使您更容易发现和解决各种意外情况。
检查您网站网页的内、外部链接。理想的情况是您应该联络每个链接到您网站上的其他网站的管理员，让他们把链接指向您新域名的相应网页。如果这难以实现，您要确保原网站中所有含有其他网站链接指向的网页都被重定向到您的新网站上。您也应该检查并更新所有旧网站里的内部链接，使它们指向新域名。当您的网站内容已经在新服务器上准备就绪后，您可以使用一个诸如Xenu的链接检查工具来确认在您的新站点上没有遗留的故障链接。这一点特别重要，如果您的原始内容包含绝对链接（如www.xx.com/cooking/recipes/chocolatecake.html ）而不是相对链接（如 …/recipes ocolatecake.html）的话。
为防止混淆和混乱，您最好继续持有对原网站域名的控制权限至少180天。
将您的新网站添加到网站管理员工具帐户中，并验证您对该网站的所有权。创建并提交一个Sitemap以显示出新网站的所有URL，这样谷歌就会知道您新网站里的内容现在已经可用，可以对其进行抓取了。
最后，确保您的新、旧网站都在网站管理员工具中得到验证，并定期检查抓取错误，确保来自旧网站的301重定向工作正常，同时新网站上也不会显示我们不想看到的404错误提示。
Listening to the Q&A, I was pleased to hear the major search engines agreeing on best practices for many webmaster issues. In fact, the presentations in the duplicate content session were mostly, well, duplicate. When I wasn't sitting in on one of the many valuable sessions, I was chatting with webmasters either at the Google booth, or at Google's "Meet the Engineers" event. It was exciting to hear from so many different webmasters, and to help them with Google-related issues. Here are a few things that were on the minds of webmasters, along with our responses:
Site Verification Files and Meta Tags
Several webmasters asked, "Is it necessary to keep the verification meta tag or HTML file in place to remain a verified owner in Webmaster Tools?" The answer is yes, you should keep your verification file or meta tag live to maintain your status as a verified owner. These verification codes are used to control who has access to the owner-specific tools for your site in Webmaster Tools. To ensure that only current owners of a site are verified, we periodically re-check to see if the verification code is in place, and if it is not, you will get unverified for that site. While we're on the topic:
Site Verification Best Practices
- If you have multiple people working on your site with Webmaster Tools, it's a good idea to have each person verify the site with his or her own account, rather than using a shared login. That way, as people come and go, you can control the access appropriately by adding or removing verification files or meta tags for each account.
- You may want to keep a list of these verification codes and which owner they are connected to, so you can easily control access later. If you lose track, you can always use the "Manage site verification" option in Webmaster Tools, which allows you to force all site owners to reverify their accounts.
Subdomains vs. Subdirectories
What's the difference between using subdomains and subdirectories? When it comes to Google, there aren't major differences between the two, so when you're making that decision, do what works for you and your visitors. Following PubCon, our very own Matt Cutts outlined many of the key issues in a post on his personal blog. In addition to those considerations, if you use Webmaster Tools (which we hope you do!), keep in mind that you'll automatically be verified for deeper subdirectories of any sites you've verified, but subdomains need to be verified separately.
Underscores vs. Dashes
Webmasters asked about the difference between how Google interprets underscores and dashes in URLs. In general, we break words on punctuation, so if you use punctuation as separators, you're providing Google a useful signal for parsing your URLs. Currently, dashes in URLs are consistently treated as separators while underscores are not. Keep in mind our technology is constantly improving, so this distinction between underscores and dashes may decrease over time. Even without punctuation, there's a good chance we'll be able to figure out that bigleopard.html is about a "big leopard" and not a "bigle opard." While using separators is a good practice, it's likely unnecessary to place a high priority on changing your existing URLs just to convert underscores to dashes.
Keywords in URLs
We were also asked if it is useful to have relevant keywords in URLs. It's always a good idea to be descriptive across your site, with titles, ALT attributes, and yes, even URLs, as they can be useful signals for users and search engines. This can be especially true with image files, which otherwise may not have any text for a search engine to consider. Imagine you've taken a picture of your cat asleep on the sofa. Your digital camera will likely name it something like IMG_2937.jpg. Not exactly the most descriptive name. So unless your cat really looks like an IMG_2937, consider changing the filename to something more relevant, like adorable-kitten.jpg. And, if you have a post about your favorite cat names, it's much easier to guess that a URL ending in my-favorite-cat-names would be the relevant page, rather than a URL ending in postid=8652. For more information regarding issues with how Google understands your content, check out our new content analysis feature in Webmaster Tools, as well as our post on the URL suggestions feature of the new Google Toolbar.
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